第五章 幕间休息:堕胎

最高法院没有意识到被一些关键性大法官自诩为“妇女解放”(将女性从传宗接代的刻板印象中解放出来)的堕胎判决具有里程碑式意义,当然这或许不是一件坏事。当人们意识到这一点时,回应往往是反对堕胎权,而不是赞同。金斯伯格擅长呈现本不具威胁性的案件事实,以及运用原告是男性的案件达到目的,前者如里德案中微不足道的歧视,后者如莫里兹案。当然,这些策略不会掩盖消除性别角色刻板印象的社会变革带来的巨大影响。

事实上,早在罗伊案判决之前,女权主义者的劲敌菲利斯·施拉夫利就开始宣传反对堕胎。她认为传宗接代是女性的天职。她很清楚,堕胎(类似门诊堕胎)的实现,将会打破金斯伯格所说“性别角色的刻板印象”,但这也是施拉夫利所说的“社会基本构成”。在罗伊案判决出台后的前三年,政治领域充斥着抵抗堕胎自由化的有力证据。这样看来,似乎金斯伯格的两个理由都是错的。这不是立法机关超越权限进行司法干预引起的反抗;在很大程度上表明,堕胎代表了女性解放的前沿。因此,如果最高法院认为自己在为人民争取平等的道路上贡献良多,这个判决就是最佳证明。

tinsleye.yarbrough,iharrya.blackmun:theoutsiderjustice/i(newyork:oxforduniversitypress,2008),230.

lindagreenhouseandrevasiegel,eds.,beforeroev.wade:ivoicesthatshapedtheabortiondebatebeforethesupremecourt/i’isruling/i(newyork:kaplan,2010),248.

lesliej.reagan,iwhenabortionwasacrime:women/i,imedicine/i,iandlawintheunitedstates/i,1867-1973(berkeley:universityofcaliforniapress,1997),217.

“abortion—twentieth-centuryabortionlawreform,”law.jrank(website),http://lrg/pages/447/abortion-twentieth-century-abortion-law-

greenhouseandsiegel,beforeroev.wade,11;“sherrifinkbine’sabortion:itsmeaning50yearslater,”plannedparenthoodadvocatesofarizona(blog),http:rg/2012/08/15/sherrifinkbines-abortion-its-meaning-50-years-later/.

greenhouseandsiegel,beforeroev.wade,14-16;reagan,iwhenabortionwasacrime/i,231-34.

reagan,iwhenabortionwasacrime/i,231-34.

greenhouseandsiegel,beforeroev.wade;see,forexample,“briefamicuscuriaeonbehalfofnewwomenlawyers,women’shealthandabortionproject,inc.,nationalabortionactioncoalition(1971),”inipublicwomen/i,ipublicwords:adocumentaryhistoryofamericanfeminism/i,vol.3,1960itothepresent/i,editedbydawnkeetleyandjohnpettegrew(oxfordandlanham,md.:rowmanandlittlefield,2002),215.

strictlyspeaking,roecamethroughsarahweddington’sgroupofyounglawyersandgraduatestudentsoutoftheuniversityoftexasataustin,buttheacluwastheshowrunnerofthecompanioncase,doev.bolton.thetwoare,forpurposesoftheacluinvolvement,asone.

greenhouseandsiegel,beforeroev.wade,333.

ginsburgarchive,libraryofcongress,box13,foldernovember75.

“门诊堕胎”(daycare),相对临床手术实施堕胎而言,一般适用于妊娠不足13周的孕妇。——译者注

phyllisschlafly,“women’slibbersdonotspeakforus,”phyllisschlaflyreport,february1972,reprintedinsiegelandgreenhouse,beforeroev.wade,218-19.